雷雨天在户外头发竖起来

下面是好好范文网小编收集整理的雷雨天在户外头发竖起来，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读！

部分质疑最高票答案。

第一句话，关于“美国国家气象局提供的提醒”，我只在百度之类的搜索引擎上找到了相关的答案，看起来有一种QQ或者微信分享的感觉。其中，流言百科：

在户外头发竖立起来是遭雷击的先兆

给出了参考的链接，但是这一链接已经失效了。

注：本文大部分内容来自gov后缀网站，可信度应该比较高。

实际上，美国负责天气的“有关部门”是

美国海洋大气管理局（

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

职责应该和中国的国家气象局（

）差不多。

目前能找到的美国海洋大气管理局关于避雷姿势的“雷蹲”在此：

http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/resources/ASSE-Schools.pdf

（3.4 Level-4: Lightning Crouch ）

Once you've spread out, use the lightning crouch; put your feet together, squat down, tuck your head, and cover your ears. When the immediate threat of lightning has passed, continue heading to the safest spot possible.

双脚并拢，下蹲，把头埋起来（应该也是膝盖），捂上耳朵，如果雷击威胁过去，第一时间赶到安全的地方。但是该网站认为这是

USE THIS AS A DESPERATE LAST RESORT ONLY!

没有办法的办法。

另一个网站（

Surviving a Lightning Storm

）则给出了如下建议：

Look for a dry, low-lying area such as a valley and become the smallest target possible. Do this by crouching down with your heels touching, head between the knees, and ears covered. Minimize your contact with the ground and do not lie down flat.

找一个干燥，地势低的地方，比如山谷，并且让你自己成为最小的目标。具体就是：深蹲，脚后跟并拢，头埋在膝盖之间，捂上耳朵，减少与地面接触，不要躺下。

看起来似乎是这样：

但是，NOAA目前已经取消了对于“雷蹲”的推荐----------

NWS JetStream

其中：Lightning - Frequently Asked Questions（

NWS JetStream

）中提到：

Shouldn't I lie flat on the ground to get as low as possible?

NO! Lying flat on the ground was once thought to be the best course of action, but this advice is now decades out of date. When lightning strikes the earth, it induces currents in the ground that can be fatal up to 100 feet away. These currents fan out from the strike center in a tendril pattern, so in order to minimize your chance of being struck, you have to minimize BOTH your height AND your body's contact with the earth's surface. Top

How do I avoid having to use the Lightning Crouch?

We don't recommend the crouch because it will not significantly lower your risk of being killed or injured from a nearby lightning strike.

Be aware of your situation and PLAN AHEAD. If you going to be involved in an outdoor activity, make sure you know what the forecast is, ESPECIALLY if you live in a lightning prone area. If storms are forecast, have a plan of action that you can enact quickly to reduce your chances of being struck. Top

躺在地上，让我的高度尽量小，不可以吗？

千万不要！！！躺在地上曾经被认为是最好的应对方式，但是这种想法早就过时了。闪电打到地上的时候，形成的电流会延伸到一百米之外。电流会以卷须的形状泛向四面八方。所以，如果想让受雷击的概率最小，必须将身体高度和与地面的接触面积都减到最小。

能不能不用“防雷蹲”？

我们并不推荐这种蹲法因为这并不会显著地减少你被附近的雷击打伤或者干掉的概率。（想避免雷击的话）必须要考虑到这种情形并早作打算，如果出门的话一定要看天气预报，尤其住在闪电频发地区。如果天气预报说有暴风雨，那么必须立个计划，遇到这种情况时能快速应对，这样才能减少受雷击的可能性。

NOAA的另一个网站（

NWS Lightning Science Home Page

The National Weather Service (NWS) stopped recommending the crouch in 2008. Why? The crouch simply doesn't provide a significant level of protection. Whether you're standing or in the crouch position, if a lightning channel approaches from directly overhead (or very nearly so), you're very likely to be struck and either killed or injured by the lightning strike.

国家气象服务（不知道怎么翻译好，暂且直译）2008年不再推荐“雷蹲”，因为雷蹲并没有起到显著的保护作用。不论是站着还是雷蹲，如果雷击从正上方（或者差不多的方位）打下来，那么肯定是要受伤的。

（按照上面解释：雷蹲不能减少受伤害的可能性或者伤害的大小，却又减少了采取其它安全措施的时间，所以NOAA不推荐）

那么遇到头发竖起之类的情况应该怎么做呢，

www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/science/Dr_Lightning_Guide%20_Safety.ppsx

(8/34)给出了这样的答案：

Never wait for imminent signs of a lightning strike. If your hair stands on end or you feel a tingling sensation, there may not be anything you can do to prevent a fatal lightning strike. If this happens to you, run as fast as you can to a safe place.

别等着有明显的迹象了再避雷。如果头发连根竖起或者有刺痛的感觉，那就是要遭雷劈了。

此时能做的就是赶紧跑到安全的地方去。

所以说

Rather than "what to do in a dangerous situation" NWS focuses on "what to do so you don't get into a dangerous situation," and, "if you do find yourself in a dangerous situation, how to get out of the dangerous situation."

比起在危险的情况下怎么做，国家气象局更关注如何避免陷入危险，以及在危险时如何脱离危险。

另外，关于最大限度保证安全的建议：

当然，从全文看来，NOAA认为保证安全的最重要措施是：看天气预报。

不管你是单独出行，陪兄弟朋友，或者组团游，NOAA收音机（

NWS JetStream

）都是居家旅行，杀人放火必备装备，它能保证你能获取任意地点的实时天气预报（政府也要打广告）。当然这收音机是老美的，不过在国内的话也是需要注意天气的，移动设备上最好装上实时看天气的APP等等。

如果组团出去，那么

Event organizers should know how long it will take to get people to safe shelter.

组织者需要了解将人们带到安全遮蔽物所需要的时间。

当然老美自己都说了：

Lightning is one of the most capricious and unpredictable characteristics of a thunderstorm. Because of this, no one can guarantee an individual or group absolute protection from lightning.

闪电是暴风雨中最变化无常，基本不可能预测的特性之一。所以说没人能保证单独个人或者小组能完全保护自己免于雷击。

假如你没有看天气预报，或者这混蛋天气预报给误报了，打闪电了，怎么办呢？赶紧躲啊。

The safest location during a thunderstorm is inside a large enclosed structure with plumbing and electrical wiring. These include shopping centers, schools, office buildings, and private residences.

If lightning strikes the building, the plumbing and wiring will conduct the electricity more efficiently than a human body. If no buildings are available, then an enclosed metal vehicle such as an automobile, van, or school bus makes a decent alternative.

暴风雨时候，最安全的地方是充满金属管道和电线的大型封闭结构内，包括超市、学校、写字楼、居民住宅等。如果雷击了，管道和电线会引导电流。如果没有这样的建筑，那么就躲在全封闭的金属交通工具中，比如轿车，面包车，大巴等等。

另外补充（与此文无太大关系）

Lightning can travel great distances through power lines, especially in rural areas. Do not use electrical appliances, ESPECIALLY corded telephones unless it is an emergency (cordless and cell phones are safe to use).

Computers are also dangerous as they usually are connected to both phone and electrical cords. Do not take a shower or bath or use a hot tub.

城市中的电线可以成为闪电的良导体，所以下雨天尽量不要用电器，如果非紧急事务不要用有线电话（无线电话和手机是安全的）。

电脑也是危险的，因为其经常会和电线、电话连在一起。别洗澡。

关于避雷时间

NWS JetStream

提示：

Remember this lightning safety rule...When thunder roars, go indoors and stay there until 30 minutes after the last clap of thunder.

以及

Do not resume outdoor activities until 30 minutes after the last thunder clap.

总之就是在最后一次雷击过去半小时之内，仍需保持避雷状态。

附简单计算法则：

Remember the "Flash to Bang" method to estimate lightning from your location - If you see lightning, count the number of seconds until you hear thunder. Divide the number of seconds by five to get the distance the lightning is away from you. For example, if you see lightning and it takes 10 seconds before you hear the thunder, then the lightning is 2 miles away from you (10 divided by 5 = 2 miles, too close!).

记住“从闪电到打雷”的闪电距离估计法：看见闪电与听见打雷的间隔时间除以5就是相距的英里数。（如果按千米计算，这个数字是3.106）。比如，间隔时间10s，那么距离就是2英里（10/5=2，很近了有木有？！)，（按照千米则是 10/3.106 = 3.2km）

最重要的是，当雷击之后如何抢救呢？

http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/resources/ASSE-Schools.pdfLightning: The Underated Weather Hazard

都提到：

打120，同时（在没有专业设施的状态下）采取第一时间的紧急措施：

CPR and mouth-to-mouth-resuscitation are the recommended first aid, respectively.

mouth-to-mouth指

人工呼吸_百度百科

这两种急救措施在

里有提及。

搜了这么多，最后提出以下建议：

1. 出行一定制定好计划，一定要看天气预报，如果是雷击频繁地区，要专门做出预案。

2. 出行时好好规划路线和地点，要注意路上尽量靠近安全区域。

3. 遇到危险，第一时间寻找安全区域，没有任何所谓的安全姿势。

4. 学会简单的抢救措施。在他人受到雷击的时候，第一时间拨打120并采取紧急抢救！！

结束语：

本来是想闲得无聊骗几个赞的，但是搜了这么多之后，心里一点都不淡定了，

总感觉到自己做的还远远不够，当危险来临的时候还是没有办法保护重要的人。

如果看到这个答案的诸位，在之后的生活中，遇到危险的时候能运用这些知识保护了自己或他人的安全，那就再好不过了。谢谢。