互动墙设计 妙趣横生 老少皆宜的互动墙究竟有多好玩
下面是好好范文网小编收集整理的互动墙设计 妙趣横生 老少皆宜的互动墙究竟有多好玩,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读!
个人没有读过中文版的,也不知道题主是怎样的口味。但就个人的情况大概瞎说下挑选神曲译本的体验,当我逛进巴黎莎士比亚书店后,就在巴黎圣母院对面,通过狭小空间的窄短楼梯爬上了二层,想着是不是可以稍微休憩一下,但又想来这逼狭的空间是乎容不下读书人的慵懒,可是却看见右手边仅有的一张座椅早已被捷足先登,一身黝黑而匀称的主子正自酣然香恬,旁边随便扔有一张纸板,上面写着“猫大人晚上读书累屁了,请各位奴才不要打搅”,好嘛,看着那一瘪一鼓的肚子,想来猫大人晚上真是累着了,我便稍稍轻倚着书架假装寻起书来,闻听移来的缓缓脚步,随手就抽出了一本,印入眼帘的是特大加粗的“DANTE”,翻开一看前三句,立马就有一种融入另空间的异样感,由此开始产生了兴趣,不可自拔。
可见挑书没有那么多讲究,就看那一眼的瞬间,能否引起封尘内心的颤动,从感觉上来挑神曲的译本,前三句就可。这里大概列一下各个译本的前六句,题主好好感受一下,为什么要列前六句呢?因为通过前六句可以看出译本诗歌的格式和韵律,对于喜欢读诗歌的人来说,这是很有必要考虑的,节奏感棒的诗歌或许比任何一首Rap都要更具冲击力。
先来看看汉语译本
其中王维克版是白话散文体,应该通俗易懂,兼具小说的特点,相对来说田德望版的散文体可能更加晦涩一些。这里主要讨论诗歌译本。
钱稻孙 《神曲一脔》 离骚体
可谓古色古香,有临摹但丁三韵格(terza rima)的韵律,比如前三句“路”“林”“误”遵循了aba的韵脚,而“林”“禁”“心”也遵循了上下节连锁押韵的格式,而且语调情感上先扬后抑,表达了出了初临地狱的沉闷感。但这种文言式的诗歌初读不知所喻,需要细细品味,也需要有一定的古文修养,要不理解起来可能会相当费事。
方吾生之半路
恍余处乎幽林,
失正轨而迷误。
道其况兮不可禁
林荒蛮以惨烈
言念及之复怖心!
朱维基版
每节诗遵循了aba的韵脚,但舍弃了连锁押韵的格式,而且情感上似乎比较扁平,有一种交代背景的感觉,应该读起来比较顺畅。
就在我们人生旅程的中途,
我在一座昏暗的森林之中醒悟过来,
因为我在里面迷失了正确的道路。
唉!要说出那是一片如何荒凉、如何崎岖、
如何原始的森林地是多难的一件事呀,
我一想起它心中又会惊惧!
黄文捷版
完全舍弃了但丁的三韵体,无韵律,现代自由诗风格,第一句就有啰嗦的嫌疑,感情转折比较突兀,弃。
我走过我们人生的一半旅程,
却又步入一片幽暗的森林,
这是因为我迷失了正确的路径。
啊!这森林是多么的原始,多么险恶,多么举步维艰,
道出这景象又是多么困难!
现在想起也仍会毛骨悚然,
黄国彬版
保留了但丁的三韵体,但同时会为了这种格律而舍弃诗意的自然,有种强要装入篮子的感觉,比如“醒转”,第二句略显啰嗦。
在人生旅程的半途醒转,
发觉置身于一个黑森林里面,
林中正确的道路消失中断。
啊,那森林、真是描述维艰!
那黑森林,荒凉,芜秽,而有浓密,
回想起来也会震栗色变。
张曙光版
有一种整合前面几个版本的感觉,体裁上和黄文捷版的一样,无韵律格式,有点强要抒发情感的感觉,弃。
当走到我们生命旅程的中途,
我发现自己在一片幽暗的森林里,
因为我迷失了正直的道路,
啊,很难说出它是什么样子,
荒蛮的森林,浓密而难行,
甚至想起也会唤回我的恐惧:
总体来说中文版译本在感情上抒发上略有欠缺,要知道但丁的神曲恰恰是抒情诗,情感强烈而真挚。
下面来看看英文译本,因为英译版本太多太多,下面只列出被维基百科检索的译者的作品。
Henry Boyd 亨利·博伊德《The Divina Commedia of Dante Alighieri: Consisting of the Inferno-Purgatorio-and Paradiso 》,1802
应该是第一个将整本神曲翻译完全的英译本,舍弃了但丁的三韵律,采用了六行一节的内容格式,韵律上也是六行韵律格式,例如第一节的韵脚为aabccb,而且古英语用法太多,弃。
When life had labour‘d up her midmost stage,
And, weary with her mortal pilgrimage,
Stood in suspense upon the point of Prime ;
Far in a pathless grove I chanc'd to stray,
Where scarce imagination dares display,
The gloomy scen'ry of the savage clime.
Henry Francis Cary 亨利·法兰西斯·卡里 《The vision or, hell, purgatory, and paradise of Dante Alighieri》,1814
虽然是无韵诗(抑扬五步格),单句分开却是增强了语感,很有节奏,内容上可以说是很情景交融了,但似乎感情上还略有平淡。
IN the midway of this our mortal life,
I found me in a gloomy wood, astray
Gone from the path direct: and e’en to tell
It were no easy task, how savage wild
That forest, how robust and rough its growth,
Which to remember only, my dismay
Renews, in bitterness not far from death.
Ichabod Charles Wright 伊哈博德·查尔斯·赖特 《The Inferno/Purgatorio/Paradiso of Dante》,1840
一共分为三卷,六行韵律诗,韵脚为abacbc, 整体效果不如楼上。
IN the midway of this our life below,
I found myself within a gloomy wood,
No traces left the path direct to show.
Alas, how painful is it to declare
The savage wildness of that forest rude,
Whose dread remembrance still renews my fear!
Charles Bagot Cayley 查尔斯·凯莱 《Dante's Divine comedy》,1854
保留了三韵体,前三句很有感觉,但后面就转的太突然了。
Upon the journey of our life midway,
I found myself within a darksome wood,
As from the right path I had gone astray.
Ah! but to speak hereof is drearihood;
This wood so wild, so stubborn, and so keen;
That fear is by the very thought renewed;
Sir Frederick Pollock,1st Baronet 波洛克爵士《The Divine comedy》,1854
三步格无韵诗,尾音比较整齐,但似乎是Ichabod Charles Wright和Charles Bagot Cayley的结合体,有点太平铺直叙了,弃。
Half-way upon the journey of our life,
I found myself within a gloomy wood,
By reason that the path direct was lost.
Ah! what a hard thing is it to describe
This savage wood, so tangled and so dread,
The very thinking on it renews fear;
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·华兹华斯·朗费罗 《The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri》,1867
美国第一本完全译本,三步格无韵诗,"Ah me!"用的比较出彩,有一种惊醒的感觉,非常注重措词,句式多变,擅用感叹和定句,虽然forest更贴却,但读起来并不见得比wood有感觉。措词准确和朗朗上口,鱼和熊掌也。
MIDWAY upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost.
Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, Which in the very thought renews the fear.
David Johnston 大卫·劳埃德·约翰斯顿 《A Translation of Dante's Inferno》,1868
三卷,三步格无韵诗,大概借鉴了楼上的思路,感叹句和从句也用上了,而且感情色彩更加强烈了。
In our life’s journey at its midway stage
I found myself within a wood obscure,
Where the right path which guided me was lost.
Ah! what it was how difficult to tell,
This forest solitude, so stern and wild
That ev’n in thought my terror is renew’d,
Edward Hayes Plumptre 爱德华·普兰普特 《The Divine Comedy》,1887
保留了三韵体,很有意思的翻译,善长用动词,强调事物转变以及思想散发的过程,可以说是有点但丁了,但或许会增加诗歌整体的累赘。
when our life's course with me had half-way sped,
I found myself in gloomy forest dell,
For the straight onward path was vanished,
Ah me! how hard it were in words to tell,
what was that wood, wild, drear, and tangled o'er,
which e'en in thought renews my terror's spell!
Edward Clarke Lowe 爱德华·克拉克·洛韦 《La Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri》,1902
三步格无韵诗,第二句比较有意思,有一种自然醒的感觉,但第三句似乎预示但丁已经猜到自己在哪里了,这与神曲中但丁刚开始那惊慌失措的形象不太吻合,而且“for”“whereof”都在交代前因后果,似乎译者比较重视逻辑关系,但缜密的诗歌似乎不太对味,弃。
Now half way through the journey of our life,
In a dark wood I to myself came back;
For lost have been the path of uprightness.
And ah! as bard indeed it is to tell
How savage, rough and dense that forest was,
Whereof the very thought renews the dread,
Sir Samuel Walker Griffith 塞缪尔·格里菲斯 《The inferno of Dante Alighieri》,1911
没找到资源
Robert Laurence Binyon 比尼恩 《Dante's Inferno》,1943
又没找到资源
Louis How 路易斯·豪 《Dante's Divine Comedy》,1940
还是没找到资源
Lawrence Grant White 劳伦斯·格兰特·怀特 《The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri》,1948
无韵诗,看起来是不是很熟悉,对的,估计就是在Longfellow 的基础上进行了再创造,第三句也改的很不错,整体质量应该会有所提升。
Midway oupon the journey of our life,
I found that I was in a dusky wood;
For the right path, whence I had strayed, was lost.
Ah me! how hard a thing it is to tell,
The wildness of that rough and savage palce,
The very thought of which brings back my fear!
Thomas Goddard Bergin 托马斯·G·贝尔根 《Dante's Divine comedy》,1954
没找到资源
Dorothy Leigh Sayers 多萝西·L·塞耶斯《The Divine Comedy》,1962
保留了三韵体,相对于楼上的各位,变化丰富,译者挥洒自由,创新度很高,同时也能够增加想象空间,特别是最后一句,但越发自由发挥,可能就会偏离原著越远,在顺畅上略有降低,比如第一句和第五句。
Midway this way of life we’re bound upon ,
I woke to find myself in a dark wood,
Where the right road was wholly lost and gone.
Ay me! how hard to speak of it— that rude
And rough and stubborn forest! the mere breath
Of memory stirs the old fear in the blood;
John Ciardi 约翰·查尔迪 《The Divine Comedy》,1970
保留了三韵体,但似乎有所缺失,比如“myself”"drear""fear", 并不严格地遵从内容上的顺序,而是将每节的内容揉杂在一起,有点小小散文的意思,节奏韵律都把握很好,第四句相当精彩,而第五句三个so接连调动听觉、嗅觉和视觉,非常精彩。个人很喜欢这种风格,但不足就在于过于清新自然了,少了感情和精神上的输出。
Midway in our life's journey, I went astray
From the staight road and woke to find myself,
Alone in a dark wood. How shall I say
What wood that was! I never saw so drear,
So rank, so arduous a wilderness!
Its very memory gives a shape to fear.
Mark Louis Musa 马克·穆萨 《The Divine Comedy》,2002
无韵诗,感觉像是楼上三位的结合体,唯一的亮点就是第三句道出了梦游的感觉,然后第四句通过时态进一步表现出了时空错乱的状态。
Midway along the journey of our life,
I woke to find myself in a dark wood,
For I had wandered off from the straight path.
How hard it is to tell what it was like,
This wood of wilderness, savage and stubborn,
The thought of it brings back all my old fears.
Allen Mandelbaum 艾伦·孟德尔鲍姆 《The Divine Comedy》,1984
无韵诗,在不影响内容表达的前提下也会构造押韵格律,比如“way”"stray",这个“way”就有构造的嫌疑,直译风格,追求原味,比如第三句就表达出没走错路却迷路的感觉。
When I had journeyed half of our life’s way, I found myself within a shadowed forest, for I had lost the path that does not stray.
Ah, it is hard to speak of what it was, that savage forest, dense and difficult, which even in recall renews my fear:
Charles Hubert Sisson C·H·西桑 《The Divine Comedy》,1981
无韵律,强调存在一种神秘的力量不可违抗,比如“have to”"great""overpowering",但也显露了诗人的抗拒,比如“I knew”,有一种理性和未知对抗的感觉,这才是恐惧的真正来源,“obscured”一词就表达出了幽暗森林的状态,应该很恰神秘主义喜好者的口味,但开篇就富有主题立意,或许会造成读者后期想象的重复与疲乏。
Half way along the road we have to go,
I found myself obscured in a great forest,
Bewildered, and I knew I had lost the way.
It is hard to say just what the forest was like,
How wild and rough it was, how overpowering;
Even to remember it makes me afraid.
Peter John Dale 彼得·戴尔 《The Divine Comedy》,1996
没找到资源
Anthony M. Esolen 安东尼·M·埃索伦 《The Divine Comedy》,2004
无韵诗,感觉是Mark Louis Musa的翻版,没有什么亮点,但也通俗易读。
Midway upon the journey of our life
I found myself in a dark wilderness,
for I had wandered from the straight and true.
How hard a thing it is to tell about,
that wilderness so savage, dense, and harsh,
even to think of it renews my fear!
Stanley F."Stan"Lombardo 斯坦利·隆巴多 《Inferno》,2017
分三卷,三步格无韵诗,感觉像是Longfellow版本的再创作,“gnarled ”表达出了森林缠绕诡异的感觉,通俗易读,但整体水平感觉不如Lawrence Grant White。
Midway through the journey of our life,
I found myself within a dark wood,
for the straight way had now been lost,
Ah, how hard it is to describe that wood,
a wilderness so gnarled and rough,
the very thought of it brings back my fear.
Burton Nathan Raffel 伯顿·拉菲尔 《The Divine Comedy》,2010
没找到资源
Clive James 克莱夫·詹姆斯 《The Divine Comedy》,2013
四行韵律诗,韵脚为abab, 单句拆分来衔接上下句,增加短句停顿和强调,主宾泾渭分明,具有相当棒的节奏感,大大增强了感情的强烈程度。反衬手法,“keening”通过听觉来表达环境的寂静,表达出一种幻听的感觉。“I still make shows”深得我心,非常贴切地展现了但丁畏畏缩缩的性格和诗人喜欢打腹稿的习惯,可谓很有但丁的即视感了。但同时也不如楼上几位的那么通俗易读了。
At the mid-point of the path through life, I found
Myself lost in a wood so dark, the way
Ahead was blotted out. The keening sound
I still make shows how hard it is to say
How harsh and bitter that place felt to me—
Merely to think of it renews the fear—
目前神曲完本大概就这些了,但还有很多人只翻译了一部分,也不乏经典之作,除了诗歌体裁,还有一部分散文体译本。这里就不一一介绍了,主要是我也没看过。
散文体
Arthur John Butler 阿瑟·约翰·巴特勒 《The Hell of Dante Alighieri》,1892
Charles Eliot Norton 查尔斯·艾略特·诺顿 《The Divine Comedy》,1892
Henry Fanshawe Tozer 亨利·范肖·托泽 《Dante's Divina Commedia》,1904
Harry Morgan Ayres 哈里·摩根·艾尔斯 《La Divina Commedia》,1953
Charles Southward Singleton 查尔斯·S·辛格顿 《The Divine Comedy》,1991
Robert M. Durling 罗伯特·M·德林 《The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri》,2007
当然了,以上这些肯定都要比我写的要好的多了多了,但毕竟有了这么多版本,也不可能每本都去读一下了,只能萝卜白菜各有所爱了。希望题主能发现符合自己胃口的译本。