细胞结构的论文(转录组的细胞结构揭示人类新皮层组织的基本原理—小柯机器人—科学网)

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转录组的细胞结构揭示人类新皮层组织的基本原理

美国艾伦脑科学研究所Ed S . Lein等研究人员合作发现，转录组的细胞结构揭示人类新皮层组织的基本原理。2023年10月13日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员使用单细胞转录组学，并对人类皮层进行细胞表征，以更好地了解皮层区域特化。8个跨越皮层结构变异区域的单核RNA测序显示24个细胞亚类的细胞组成高度一致。然而，兴奋性神经元亚类的比例差异很大，可能反映了初级感觉运动皮层和关联皮层之间连通性的差异。星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的层状组织在不同区域也存在差异。

初级视觉皮层表现出特有的组织结构，兴奋性神经元与抑制性神经元的比例、第4层兴奋性神经元的扩张和特化的抑制性神经元发生了重大变化。这些结果为人类皮层细胞结构和区域特化的精细细胞和分子表征奠定了基础。

据介绍，细胞结构的变化是皮层区组织学定义的基础。

附：英文原文

Title: Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization

Author: Nikolas L. Jorstad, Jennie Close, Nelson Johansen, Anna Marie Yanny, Eliza R. Barkan, Kyle J. Travaglini, Darren Bertagnolli, Jazmin Campos, Tamara Casper, Kirsten Crichton, Nick Dee, Song-Lin Ding, Emily Gelfand, Jeff Goldy, Daniel Hirschstein, Katelyn Kiick, Matthew Kroll, Michael Kunst, Kanan Lathia, Brian Long, Naomi Martin, Delissa McMillen, Trangthanh Pham, Christine Rimorin, Augustin Ruiz, Nadiya Shapovalova, Soraya Shehata, Kimberly Siletti, Saroja Somasundaram, Josef Sulc, Michael Tieu, Amy Torkelson, Herman Tung, Edward M. Callaway, Patrick R. Hof, C. Dirk Keene, Boaz P. Levi, Sten Linnarsson, Partha P. Mitra, Kimberly Smith, Rebecca D. Hodge, Trygve E. Bakken, Ed S . Lein

Issue&Volume: 2023-10-13

Abstract: Variation in cytoarchitecture is the basis for the histological definition of cortical areas. We used single cell transcriptomics and performed cellular characterization of the human cortex to better understand cortical areal specialization. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of 8 areas spanning cortical structural variation showed a highly consistent cellular makeup for 24 cell subclasses. However, proportions of excitatory neuron subclasses varied substantially, likely reflecting differences in connectivity across primary sensorimotor and association cortices. Laminar organization of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also differed across areas. Primary visual cortex showed characteristic organization with major changes in the excitatory to inhibitory neuron ratio, expansion of layer 4 excitatory neurons, and specialized inhibitory neurons. These results lay the groundwork for a refined cellular and molecular characterization of human cortical cytoarchitecture and areal specialization.

DOI: adf6812

Source:

Science：《科学》，创刊于1880年。隶属于美国科学促进会，最新IF：63.714